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Dundee International Submarine Memorial commemorates the 296 sailors and commandos lost on operations from the Dundee submarine base, HMS ''Ambrose'', during the Second World War. ==Background== Dundee in Scotland was the home port of the Royal Navy’s 2nd Submarine Flotilla between August and October 1939. From 18 April 1940 until the end of the Second World War, Dundee was the base of the 9th Submarine Flotilla, a unique international flotilla that included crews from Poland, the Netherlands, France and Norway after these countries fell under the Nazi heel. Russian submarine crews also operated from Dundee during the summer of 1944. Dundee-based submarines patrolled the enemy-held coastline of mainland Europe, attacking enemy warships including the battle-cruiser ''Gneisenau'',〔British National Archives file ref ADM 234 380〕 and the cruiser ''Prinz Eugen'',〔NA: ADM 234 380〕 and ventured far inside the Arctic Circle to help protect convoys carrying war supplies to the Soviet Union. Enemy supply convoys were attacked, and, using intelligence provided by Bletchley Park, U boats heading for the North Atlantic convoy routes were intercepted. HMS ''Satyr''’s numerous successes included sinking U-987 off Norway,〔NA: ADM 199 2030〕 and HMS ''Venturer'' remains the only submarine ever to have sunk another - U-864 - while both boats were submerged.〔NA: ADM 199 2030 and ADM 199 1813〕 The Free French ''Rubis'' laid minefields and torpedoed enemy shipping in both Norwegian coastal waters and the Bay of Biscay, while another Free French boat, ''Minerve'', limped back to Dundee badly damaged and leaking after being smashed into the seabed by depth charges. And, in support of the resistance in occupied Norway, agents, teams of saboteurs, weapons and supplies were landed under cover of darkness, often deep inside enemy-held fjords. Six British, Dutch, Norwegian and Russian submarines were lost while on patrol from Dundee and two hundred and ninety six British, Dutch, Free French, Norwegian and Russian sailors and commandos lost their lives, few of whom have any known grave. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Dundee International Submarine Memorial」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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